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A new study reveals three significant risk factors that not only increase the likelihood of a stroke but also raise the chances that it will be severe and life-altering. These factors—smoking, high blood pressure, and atrial fibrillation—are linked to debilitating strokes that can leave patients unable to walk or care for themselves independently.

The research, published on November 13 in Neurology, analysed data from nearly 27,000 people across 32 countries, with an average age of 62. Among these participants, about half had experienced a stroke, with roughly 4,800 having suffered a severe stroke and 8,600 a mild to moderate stroke. After adjusting for other health variables, researchers noted that the presence of these three risk factors sharply increased the likelihood of stroke severity.

According to lead investigator Catriona Reddin, a geriatrics researcher at the University of Galway in Ireland, “Stroke can lead to disability or even death, yet there are several risk factors that people can modify with lifestyle changes or medication.” Reddin stressed that managing high blood pressure, addressing atrial fibrillation, and quitting smoking could significantly reduce the risk of severe strokes.

Key Findings from the Study

- Atrial fibrillation (AFib): Participants with AFib, a common form of irregular heartbeat, were found to be 4.7 times more likely to have a severe stroke and 3.6 times more likely to suffer a mild to moderate stroke compared to those without the condition. AFib’s irregular heart rhythm increases the chances of blood clots, which can then block blood flow to the brain, leading to a stroke.

- High blood pressure: Hypertension, a prevalent condition worldwide, was associated with a 3.2-fold increased risk of severe stroke and a 2.9-fold increased risk of mild to moderate stroke. High blood pressure weakens blood vessels over time, making them more vulnerable to rupture or blockage.

- Smoking: Smokers were 1.9 times more likely to experience a severe stroke and 1.7 times more likely to have a mild to moderate stroke. Smoking damages blood vessels, making them more susceptible to clot formation.

“Our findings underscore the urgent need to control high blood pressure, especially in lower- and middle-income countries where rates of hypertension and stroke are rising,” Reddin added. She highlighted that controlling blood pressure is the most impactful modifiable risk factor for stroke globally.

Tips to Prevent Stroke Risk

- Quit Smoking: Smoking significantly contributes to stroke risk, so quitting can reduce the chances of severe stroke.

- Monitor and Manage Blood Pressure: High blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke. Regularly check your blood pressure and work with your healthcare provider to keep it within a healthy range.

- Address Atrial Fibrillation: If you have AFib, seek medical treatment to manage the condition and prevent clot formation.

- Adopt a Healthy Diet and Exercise: A balanced diet low in sodium and rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, combined with regular exercise, can help maintain heart health and reduce stroke risk.

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