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While most people focus on skincare to slow ageing, the importance of "braincare" often goes unnoticed. A new study reveals that poor sleep quality may play a role in accelerating brain ageing, which shows the role of sleep in maintaining cognitive health. This research from the American Academy of Neurology, published in the journal Neurology, links sleep disturbances to brain ageing—sometimes adding as much as three extra years to the brain's age.

The study followed 589 adults in their 40s over the years, evaluating their sleep patterns and brain health. Initially, participants completed questionnaires on sleep quality, reporting issues like trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. After five years, they repeated the survey. Finally, fifteen years later, researchers used brain scans to assess the participants' "brain age," a measure of brain shrinkage linked to cognitive decline.

Results showed a clear association between sleep problems and accelerated brain ageing. Participants reporting two or three sleep issues had brain ageing nearly 1.6 years faster than those with just one problem. The effect was even more pronounced in those with three or more sleep issues, who showed brain ageing up to 2.6 years faster.

Sleep problems that may seem minor—like mild insomnia or waking up frequently—were shown to have a cumulative effect on brain health. According to the researchers, these issues may speed up brain shrinkage, leading to memory problems, slower processing, and other cognitive issues commonly associated with ageing.

Dr Kristine Yaffe, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, and a member of the American Academy of Neurology, emphasized the importance of addressing sleep issues early on. "Our findings highlight the value of consistent sleep for long-term brain health. Practicing good sleep hygiene, like keeping a regular sleep schedule, avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bed, and using relaxation techniques, can all support cognitive health," she said.

The study also suggests lifestyle changes that could benefit brain health over time. Experts recommend a regular sleep schedule, along with exercise, limited caffeine, and relaxation practices to improve sleep quality. These adjustments, researchers believe, can help slow down brain ageing and support cognitive function throughout life.

Dr Clemence Cavailles, the co-author of the study, added, "Our research indicates that poor sleep could lead to three additional years of brain ageing, even by middle age. The findings underscore the need for early intervention in managing sleep issues to protect brain health."

As sleep emerges as a crucial factor in brain health, experts urge people to take sleep issues seriously and work towards healthy sleep habits. The study points to the significant impact that a good night's sleep can have on not just overall health but also on maintaining brain function and preventing premature cognitive decline.

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