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Breast Cancer Awareness Month is observed in the month of October every year. The month aims to raise awareness about breast cancer and how it impacts the overall health of an individual. Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in women. It is a type of cancer wherein cancerous cells develop in one or both breasts. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), around 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer globally.

Breast cancer usually begins in the ducts or lobules of the breast/s. Lobules are the glands where milk is produced whereas, ducts are the pathways for the milk to reach the nipple from the glands. While these are the common areas of breast cancer, the cancerous cells might also develop in the fatty tissue or connective tissue present in the breast.

Breast cancer if detected in the early stages can be treated successfully. However, there are risks that the cancer might return. Therefore, it is important that you take the necessary steps to prevent recurrence, from lifestyle changes to regular check-ups, tests and others.

Being overweight, especially post-menopause can increase oestrogen and insulin levels, which might lead to cancer growth. Aim for a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains to help control weight.

Physical activity helps to lower oestrogen levels, reduces inflammation and boosts immune function, all of which can help reduce the risk of recurrence. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week, along with strength training.

Alcohol can increase oestrogen levels and damage DNA, thereby, increasing the risk of cancer recurrence. Limit intake of alcohol or avoid alcohol altogether if possible.

Diets that are high in fibre, antioxidants and phytonutrients help to support immune health and reduce inflammation. Incorporate a variety of colourful fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains. Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower also have compounds that may reduce cancer risk.

Smoking increases the risk of recurrence and other health complications. Quitting can be challenging but there are several supports available that can help you quit smoking.

Chronic stress can weaken the immune system and increase cortisol levels, which might affect recovery and well-being. Practicing mindfulness, meditation, yoga or other relaxation techniques can help improve emotional health and resilience.

Quality sleep helps in the functioning of the immune system, regulates hormone levels and helps in cellular repair. Aim for 7-8 hours of uninterrupted sleep every night and establish a consistent sleep routine.

Adhere to your prescribed medications, follow-up visits and routine screenings is important to reduce the risk of recurrence. Medications like hormone therapy can be beneficial to prevent the cancer recurrence.

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